📖 GIẢI CHI TIẾT ĐỀ IELTS READING – “MAKING TIME FOR SCIENCE”
Bài đọc nói về Chronobiology, nghiên cứu về nhịp sinh học của con người, động vật và thực vật. Nó mô tả cách nhịp sinh học ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe con người, từ giấc ngủ, thói quen ăn uống đến việc sử dụng caffeine.
🔥TÓM TẮT NỘI DUNG
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✅READING PASSAGE 1
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✅CÁCH GIẢI CHI TIẾT
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✅TỔNG KẾT
1. READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 below.
MAKING TIME FOR SCIENCE
Chronobiology might sound a little futuristic – like something from a science
fiction novel, perhaps – but it’s actually a field of study that concerns one of the
oldest processes life on this planet has ever known: short-term rhythms of time and
their effect on flora and fauna.
This can take many forms. Marine life, for example, is influenced by tidal
patterns. Animals tend to be active or inactive depending on the position of the sun or
moon. Numerous creatures, humans included, are largely diurnal – that is, they like to
come out during the hours of sunlight. Nocturnal animals, such as bats and possums,
prefer to forage by night. A third group are known as crepuscular: they thrive in the
low-light of dawn and dusk and remain inactive at other hours.
When it comes to humans, chronobiologists are interested in what is known as
the circadian rhythm. This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally geared to
undergo within the passage of a twenty-four hour day. Aside from sleeping at night
and waking during the day, each cycle involves many other factors such as changes in
blood pressure and body temperature. Not everyone has an identical circadian rhythm.
‘Night people’, for example, often describe how they find it very hard to operate
during the morning, but become alert and focused by evening. This is a benign
variation within circadian rhythms known as a chronotype.
Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of
chronobiological demands. Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as
artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our circadian rhythms,
for example, but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we breach
these natural rhythms for extended periods of time. Plants appear no more malleable
in this respect; studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in season and ripened on
the tree are far higher in essential nutrients than those grown in greenhouses and
ripened by laser.
Knowledge of chronobiological patterns can have many pragmatic
implications for our day-to-day lives. While contemporary living can sometimes
appear to subjugate biology – after all, who needs circadian rhythms when we have
caffeine pills, energy drinks, shift work and cities that never sleep? – keeping in synch
with our body clock is important.
The average urban resident, for example, rouses at the eye-blearing time of
6.04 a.m., which researchers believe to be far too early. One study found that even
rising at 7.00 a.m. has deleterious effects on health unless exercise is performed for 30
minutes afterward. The optimum moment has been whittled down to 7.22 a.m.;
muscle aches, headaches and moodiness were reported to be lowest by participants in
the study who awoke then.
Once you’re up and ready to go, what then? If you’re trying to shed some
extra pounds, dieticians are adamant: never skip breakfast. This disorients your
circadian rhythm and puts your body in starvation mode. The recommended course of
action is to follow an intense workout with a carbohydrate-rich breakfast; the other
way round and weight loss results are not as pronounced.
Morning is also great for breaking out the vitamins. Supplement absorption by
the body is not temporal-dependent, but naturopath Pam Stone notes that the extra
boost at breakfast helps us get energised for the day ahead. For improved absorption,
Stone suggests pairing supplements with a food in which they are soluble and steering
clear of caffeinated beverages. Finally, Stone warns to take care with storage; high
potency is best for absorption, and warmth and humidity are known to deplete the
potency of a supplement.
After-dinner espressos are becoming more of a tradition – we have the Italians
to thank for that – but to prepare for a good night’s sleep we are better off putting the
brakes on caffeine consumption as early as 3 p.m. With a seven hour half-life, a cup
of coffee containing 90 mg of caffeine taken at this hour could still leave 45 mg of
caffeine in your nervous system at ten o’clock that evening. It is essential that, by the
time you are ready to sleep, your body is rid of all traces.
Evenings are important for winding down before sleep; however, dietician
Geraldine Georgeou warns that an after-five carbohydrate-fast is more cultural myth
than chronobiological demand. This will deprive your body of vital energy needs.
Overloading your gut could lead to indigestion, though. Our digestive tracts do not
shut down for the night entirely, but their work slows to a crawl as our bodies prepare
for sleep. Consuming a modest snack should be entirely sufficient.
Questions 1–7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1–7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. Chronobiology is the study of how living things have evolved over time.
2. The rise and fall of sea levels affects how sea creatures behave.
3. Most animals are active during the daytime.
4. Circadian rhythms identify how we do different things on different days.
5. A ‘night person’ can still have a healthy circadian rhythm.
6. New therapies can permanently change circadian rhythms without causing harm.
7. Naturally-produced vegetables have more nutritional value.
Questions 8–13
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 8–13 on your answer sheet.
8. What did researchers identify as the ideal time to wake up in the morning?
A 6.04
B 7.00
C 7.22
D 7.30
9. In order to lose weight, we should
A avoid eating breakfast
B eat a low carbohydrate breakfast
C exercise before breakfast
D exercise after breakfast
10. Which is NOT mentioned as a way to improve supplement absorption?
A avoiding drinks containing caffeine while taking supplements
B taking supplements at breakfast
C taking supplements with foods that can dissolve them
D storing supplements in a cool, dry environment
11. The best time to stop drinking coffee is
A mid-afternoon
B 10 p.m.
C only when feeling anxious
D after dinner
12. In the evening, we should
A stay away from carbohydrates
B stop exercising
C eat as much as possible
D eat a light meal
13. Which of the following phrases best describes the main aim of Reading Passage
1?
A to suggest healthier ways of eating, sleeping and exercising
B to describe how modern life has made chronobiology largely irrelevant
C to introduce chronobiology and describe some practical applications
D to plan a daily schedule that can alter our natural chronobiological rhythms
2. CÁCH GIẢI CHI TIẾT
A.📌 GIẢI CHI TIẾT CÂU HỎI 1–7 (True/False/Not Given)
👉 Cách làm:
- Đọc kỹ câu hỏi, xác định từ khóa chính.
- Tìm vị trí thông tin trong bài đọc bằng cách scanning từ khóa hoặc từ đồng nghĩa.
- Xác định đáp án:
- TRUE nếu thông tin trong bài khớp với câu hỏi.
- FALSE nếu thông tin trong bài trái ngược với câu hỏi.
- NOT GIVEN nếu bài không đề cập đến thông tin đó.
Câu 1: Chronobiology is the study of how living things have evolved over time.
🚀 Phân tích:
- Từ khóa: Chronobiology, study, evolved over time
- Đoạn 1, câu 1: “Chronobiology might sound a little futuristic, but it’s actually a field of study that concerns one of the oldest processes life on this planet has ever known: short-term rhythms of time and their effect on flora and fauna.”
=> ✅ Đáp án: FALSE – Chronobiology nghiên cứu về rhythms of time (nhịp điệu thời gian) chứ không phải quá trình tiến hóa.
Câu 2: The rise and fall of sea levels affects how sea creatures behave.
🚀 Phân tích:
- Từ khóa: sea levels, sea creatures, behaviour
- Đoạn 2: “Marine life, for example, is influenced by tidal patterns.”
=> ✅ Đáp án: TRUE – “tidal patterns” (chu kỳ thủy triều) là kết quả của sự thay đổi mực nước biển.
Câu 3: Most animals are active during the daytime.
🚀 Phân tích:
- Từ khóa: most animals, active, daytime
- Đoạn 2: “Numerous creatures, humans included, are largely diurnal – that is, they like to come out during the hours of sunlight.”
=> ✅ Đáp án: NOT GIVEN – Đa số sinh vật hoạt động vào ban ngày (diurnal).
Câu 4: Circadian rhythms identify how we do different things on different days.
🚀 Phân tích:
- Từ khóa: circadian rhythms, different things, different days
- Đoạn 3: “Circadian rhythm is the complete cycle our bodies undergo within a 24-hour day.”
=> ❌ Đáp án: FALSE – Circadian rhythm liên quan đến chu kỳ trong 24 giờ, không phải “different days” (các ngày khác nhau).
Câu 5: A ‘night person’ can still have a healthy circadian rhythm.
🚀 Phân tích:
- Từ khóa: night person, healthy circadian rhythm
- Đoạn 3: “‘Night people’ describe how they find it hard to operate in the morning but become alert in the evening. This is a benign variation known as a chronotype.”
=> ✅ Đáp án: TRUE – “Benign variation” (biến thể vô hại) nghĩa là “night people” vẫn có nhịp sinh học khỏe mạnh.
Câu 6: New therapies can permanently change circadian rhythms without causing harm.
🚀 Phân tích:
- Từ khóa: new therapies, permanently change, without harm
- Đoạn 4: “Artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our circadian rhythms, but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we breach these natural rhythms for extended periods of time.”
=> ❌ Đáp án: FALSE – Những phương pháp này có thể thay đổi nhịp sinh học nhưng gây ảnh hưởng xấu đến sức khỏe.
Câu 7: Naturally-produced vegetables have more nutritional value.
🚀 Phân tích:
- Từ khóa: naturally-produced vegetables, nutritional value
- Đoạn 4: “Studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in season and ripened on the tree are far higher in essential nutrients than those grown in greenhouses and ripened by laser.”
=> ✅ Đáp án: TRUE – Rau củ trồng tự nhiên có hàm lượng dinh dưỡng cao hơn.
B.📌 GIẢI CHI TIẾT CÂU HỎI 8–13 (Multiple Choice)
👉 Cách làm:
- Đọc câu hỏi trước, xác định từ khóa.
- Scanning bài đọc, tìm đoạn chứa thông tin liên quan.
- So sánh các lựa chọn để chọn đáp án đúng nhất.
Câu 8: What did researchers identify as the ideal time to wake up in the morning?
✅ Đáp án: C (7.22 a.m.) – Đoạn 5: “The optimum moment has been whittled down to 7.22 a.m.”
Câu 9: In order to lose weight, we should…
✅ Đáp án: C (exercise before breakfast) – Đoạn 6: “Follow an intense workout with a carbohydrate-rich breakfast.”
Câu 10: Which is NOT mentioned as a way to improve supplement absorption?
✅ Đáp án: B ( taking supplements at breakfast) – Đoạn 7: Không có thông tin về uống thuốc vào buổi sáng.
Câu 11: The best time to stop drinking coffee is…
✅ Đáp án: A (mid-afternoon) – Đoạn 8: “It is better to stop caffeine consumption as early as 3 p.m.”
Câu 12: In the evening, we should…
✅ Đáp án: D (eat a light meal) – Đoạn 9: “Consuming a modest snack should be entirely sufficient.”
Câu 13: Which of the following phrases best describes the main aim of Reading Passage 1?
✅ Đáp án: C (to introduce chronobiology and describe some practical applications) – Bài đọc tập trung vào giới thiệu chronobiology và ứng dụng thực tế của nó.
3. TỔNG KẾT
✅ Những chiến lược quan trọng khi làm bài IELTS Reading:
- Luôn đọc câu hỏi trước để xác định thông tin cần tìm.
- Sử dụng kỹ thuật scanning & skimming để tìm từ khóa trong bài.
- Cẩn trọng với bẫy từ đồng nghĩa và paraphrasing.
- Đọc kỹ từng lựa chọn trong Multiple Choice để tránh bẫy.
📖 Chúc bạn học tốt và đạt điểm cao trong bài thi IELTS Reading! 🚀